The Stock Market A Competitive Advantage For Corporate...

Nestlà © S.A is a globalized packaged-goods producer formed in 1866, during a time when international trade began to flourish. With a portfolio of more than 200 brands such as Gerber, Nesquik, Nestea, Poland Spring, Purina and Stouffers, Nestlà © has been in business for 150 years and operates in 189 countries (Bollinger, 2017). Today Nestlà ©s products include milk, chocolate, confectionery, bottled water, coffee, creamer, food seasoning and pet food (bloomberg, 2017). Today Nestlà © is one of the most hated companies in the world, whether it be for corporate crimes or general lack of human appreciation, protest and boycotts tend to follow this company. Although this may be the case, Nestlà ©s stock still manages to maintain a strong dividend, a†¦show more content†¦In most places where Nestlà © gathers water is affected greatly, specifically by the production of mineral water. This abuse of vulnerable water resources is a long term environmental issue. According to the Corporate Watch, in 2001, residents of the Serra da Mantiqueira region of Brazil began to investigate the changes in the water and dry out of one of the springs. They discovered that Nestlà © was pumping large amounts of water from a well 150 meters deep. This water was then demineralized and became table water for â€Å"Pure Life.† Water needs hundreds of years inside the earth to have all the minerals necessary, overpumping decreases mineral content. The â€Å"Citizens for Water† movement turned Nestlà © into the authorities of Brazil, due to demineralizing being illegal. Although Nestlà © lost, pumping is still continuing to take place as the appeal process is taking place. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s marketing and false advertising in baby food has caused another corporate crime. According to the World Health Organization, â€Å"an estimated 1.5 million infants die each year because of inappropriate feeding, because children vulnerable to disease are being bottle-fed on breastmilk substitutes rather than breastfed whenever possible.† Nestlà © has been a large contributor inShow MoreRelatedAudit and Wall Street13173 Words   |  53 Pages................................................................................................... 3 Strategy (or lack thereof) ........................................................................................................ 3 Company Culture .................................................................................................................... 5 Corporate Governance .........................................................................................................Read MoreIntroduction to Large Scale Organizations18988 Words   |  76 Pagesenabling groups of people to work in a planned and coordinate way to achieve a common goal or objective Classifying LSO s *Number of employee s exceeds 200 (according to the ABS) *Revenue (gross income) is in the millions of dollars *Total assets or market capitalisation (no. of shares x share value) is over $200 million *Profit after tax is still in the millions *Extent of operations (multinational or transnational) *Management structure (there must be a clear distinction between the owners and managers) Read MoreProject on Risk Management46558 Words   |  187 PagesBusiness Finance INDIAN INSTITUE OF FINANCE CORPORATE GUIDE: MR. 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Real Estate Global Report Example

Essays on Real Estate Global Report Essay Real E s in Switzerland Switzerland’s real e market is characterized by high demand because of stable governance and strategic location. In Geneva, more than sixty percent of the residences live in rental houses because the prices of the houses are high. Also, the high demand leads to stiff competition among buyers thus leading to scarcity. Ownership of land and houses in Geneva is regulated by the ownership rights that define the priorities given to the native and foreign people. In the case of Swiss citizens, nationals of members of the European Union (EU) and other parties with the EU/EFTA B residence permits have the right to own land in Geneva. Another group that is allowed to own land include the Non-EFTA nationals with permanent resident certification in Switzerland. Companies that are based in Switzerland and controlled by people who are restricted by the regulations above can also own all types of real estates in Switzerland. In the case of EU and EFTA cross-border commuters, they can own second homes whose location is close to their workplaces. In the case of Non-EU/EFTA nationals who reside in the city, they can only own main residence in Geneva (Hoesli, Martin, Giaccotto, and Favarger, 101). Groups that must acquire an ownership permit before buying real estates in Geneva include foreign nations who reside outside Switzerland, non-EU citizens who live in Switzerland without a settlement permit. Companies operating in Switzerland, but with their head office outside Switzerland, must also obtain a license before owning real estate in Geneva. Another restricted group is companies that are legally registered in Switzerland, but non-residents own the control share. Buyers who conduct the transactions on behalf of third party are also required to obtain a permit before owning land in the city. New housings are being developed Switzerland where up to 65%of the new development are rental houses. In comparison to members of the EU, there are few single owner house that are currently available in Geneva. The main developers in the city are real estate companies who obtain land from the authorities and develop high-end cities. For instance, the major developments are located in the Greater Geneva Berne Area (GGBA). Here the developments are conducted by private developers. They improvise the designs such that the final city shall have all the basic amenities and services. Here, they include business centers technology parks, roads, recreation centers and security stations ((Hoesli, Martin, Giaccotto, and Favarger, 106). Prices are the main determiners of the owners of these new developments. As a result, companies opt to buying land outside the city, where the prices are considerably low. Although there are few cases, other developments include apartments and residential houses . They include spring -Chamsey and Collonge-Bellerive Apartments. Such developments are mainly located on the outskirts of the city. Here, the developments are done on the demolished buildings, which are basically too old for the market price. Regardless, the prices remain higher than in most of the other countries in the EU. In conclusion, Geneva city enjoys high demand for residential and business residents. The high demand leads to high prices of land ad property in the city result, most of the houses are rental. The ownership regulated residents, and members of EU/EFTA are given priority. In the case of foreigners, they have to obtain a permit from the authorities. Finally, it noted that there are few developments, where concentration is in the GGBA region. Work cited. Hoesli, Martin, Carmelo Giaccotto, and Philippe Favarger. "Three new real estate indices for Geneva, Switzerland."  The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics  15.1 (1997): 93-109.

Walt Disney Company Free Essays

Walt Disney is a well-known name in today’s society. Walt Disney once stated, â€Å"You can dream, create, design and build the most wonderful place in the world but it requires people to make the dream a reality† (Sparks, 2007). Marty Sklar, Vice Chairman and principal creative executive for Walt Disney Imagineering was quoted as saying, â€Å"From the beginning, starting with Walt Disney, we have had five tings that make me proud to be a part of this company: high quality, products, optimism for the future, great storytelling, an emphasis on family entertainment and great talent, passion and dedication from our cast members. We will write a custom essay sample on Walt Disney Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now Walt Disney has come a long way, but it is still true to its core mission of providing quality entertainment for people around the world (Walt Disney, Culture). Since its founding in 1923, the Walt Disney Company continues to produce unparallel entertainment experiences leading a diversified international family entertainment and media enterprise (Walt Disney, Company overview). With its mission to be one of the world’s leading producers and providers of entertainment, Walt Disney continues to seek and develop the most creative experiences (Walt Disney, Who we are). Walt Disney’s values are what make the company stand out. These values are innovation, quality, community, storytelling, optimism and decency (Walt Disney, Culture). These values and culture is what reinforces their commitment and responsibility to the people in their organization. The services include talent acquisition, learning and development, employee services and events, and communication (Walk Disney, Business Standards and Ethics). Even though Disney locations throughout the world have many similarities, the biggest difference is in the culture. Each location offers culture that coincides with the location and its evident when each location was created, a lot of thought was put into making sure that the environment and culture would appeal to that community (Sparks, 2007). Part of this is due to the communication that frequently highlights initiatives and strategies as well as employee recognition, business conduct and ethics practices and social responsibility practices (Walt Disney, Business Standards and Ethics). Walt Disney realized early on that in order to be successful, training and organizational behavior methods would need to be implemented. The desire for all his employees to be customer responsive led to the development of the Disney Institute in 1986. The variety of training and the benefits of the training supplement the organizational culture of the company. Due to the detailed thought that went into training shows by the customer satisfaction with the show of jam packed theme parks year round (Sparks, 2007). The training deals with organizational behavior concepts including decision making, motivation, group behavior, communication, organizational culture, organizational structure and human resources practices. The Disney Institute created classes to teach employees how to create organizational culture along with observing group behavior and teaching motivation. As a result, other companies seek this training from the Disney Institute. The Institute also includes traditions which submerge the employees into the dream and mission of Disney and how Walt wanted the company to continue even after his death (Sparks, 2007). With the culture that Disney created, employees need to feel that they are valued as individuals and vital to the team. Disney has created this with open communication throughout the chain of command, comprehensive training and rewards. As a result, Disney has one of the lowest attrition rates for any company in the United States. The basic belief is that if you do not have happy employees, you cannot have happy guests. Disney’s philosophy of how to treat employees has been passed on year after year and is an example of organizational culture and an example of human resources practices (Sparks, 2007). One way Disney utilizes the communication from its employees is by using a 120 questions survey about management performance. These surveys convey if the is effective communication between management and employees. After the surveys are completed, staff meetings are held to discuss staff concerns and resolutions are discussed. These meetings are usually held within three weeks to show employees that Disney is concerned about the welfare of their employees and to help satisfy them. Walt Disney Company believes that every cast member and staff have valuable information that can be shared through ongoing communication efforts. As we can see, communication is as important as the company’s values are (Sparks, 2007). As with any company, strong beliefs, values and communication are needed in order for a company to succeed. Founded in 1923, the Walt Disney Company has maintained these strong beliefs, values and communication needed to ensure its success today. The success in employee training with the Disney Institute has led to other companies seeking their help (Sparks, 2007). This just strengthens the fact that Walt Disney Company has never wavered from its mission to be one of the world’s leading producers and providers of entertainment. References: Sparks, W. (September 23, 2007). The Magic of Disney’s Organizational Behavior Concepts. Retrieved March 20, 2011 from http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/381660/the_magic_of_disneys_organizational.html?cat=3 Walt Disney Company. (n.d.). Business Standards and Ethics. Retrieved March 20, 2011 from http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/cr_human_resources.html Walt Disney Company. (n.d.). Company Overview. Retrieved March 20, 2011 from http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/overview.html Walt Disney Company. (n.d.). Culture. Retrieved March 20, 2011 from http://corporate.disney.go.com/careers/culture.html Walt Disney Company. (n.d). Who we are. Retrieved March 20, 2011 from http://corporate.disney.go.com/careers/who.html How to cite Walt Disney Company, Papers

Critical Evaluation Report Quantitative Study †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Critical Evaluation Report Quantitative Study. Answer: Introduction Critical appraisal of a journal involves evaluating the research article systematically to determine its trust-worthiness, appropriateness and relevance to a particular context (Polit, 2016). Southern-Australian University has given various models for research critiquing as CASP (Critical-appraisal skill program), PEDro scale (Physiotherapy-evidence database), CONSORT, JADAD score, etc. The journal of Annals of Emergency-Medicine is an international journal that is published by the American-college of emergency physicians to improve the quality of medical-care.Annals are the largest circulating peer-reviewed journal in emergency- medicine with more than 33,000 subscribers. It has the highest impact-factor of 5.008 and is also cited longer than other emergency- medicine journals for 9.6 years as compared to 5.1 years of circulation of the competitor journal (Callaham, 2017).These informations about Annals motivate me to use this research in my practice confidently and provide quality- care. The authors Bugden, Scott, Clark, Johnstone and Shean are experts in the emergency-medicine field. The first four authors are from the Centre of applied health-economics, Menzies Health-institute (Queensland) of Griffith University. They are experienced in the NHMRC centre for research with excellence in nursing field and they have experience in Centre for health-practice innovations of Queensland. This study was conducted in Caboolture community hospital, Queensland at the north of Brisbane with 52,000 ED cases annually. The authors contributions motivates me to use the given research findings confidently in my practice to reduce the peripheral-intravenous catheter failure. Abstract The title is highly clear and congruent with the text. They have stated the objectives as to evaluate whether the failure of peripheral-intravenous (IV) catheters could be minimised by the skin-glue application with standard securement which is clear, specific and achievable. They have stated the aims/hypothesis as whether the failure rate of peripheral-IV catheters could be reduced by the skin-glue application and standardized securement and research design as single-site, 2-arm, non-blind, randomized-controlled trial and the samples of 360 adults with peripheral-IV catheter. They have given about the control (standard-securement) and experimental group (skin-glue with standard-securement) with study-instruments for primary outcomes (within 48 hours) and secondary outcomes (occlusion, site-infection, phlebitis/ dislodgement). They have given the findings based on the objectives with conclusions. Structuring the Study They have demonstrated their motivation for this study through an elaborate review of literature. According to the study, peripheral-IV catheters are inserted in nearly 80% of the hospitalized patients, with majority of the insertions in ED (Limm, 2013). Among which 33%- 69% of IV-devices fails prematurely due to infections, occlusions, phlebitis and/or dislodgement (Marsh, 2015a). This failure occurs mostly due to the improper fixation of peripheral-IV catheters in patients skin. Additionally, there is no clear evidence to show the best methods to secure peripheral-IV catheters. A newer method to improve the fixation of peripheral-IV catheter by using skin-glue (cyanoacrylate) at the insertion-site is employed in this study. Marsh (2015b) has stated the PIVC inserted in wards showed a reduction in failure-rate. The literatures quoted were current, relevant and comprehensive with correct reference citations. They could have included more evidences to describe about the failure rate o f skin-glue and the effect of skin-glue in reducing occlusion, phlebitis and dislodgement as like infection. There are no studies to compare skin-glue method with current best comparators to generalize the results. They have conducted a single insertion-site, two-armed RCT in 360 adults with 380 peripheral-IV catheters in ED and were randomized by Randomizers for clinical-trial software in 1:1 ratio; without blocking/stratifying to both standard-securement and skin-glue group. The skin-glue patients received one drop of cyanoacrylate-glue at the insertion-site and below the catheters hub. The standard care was carried-out based on Queensland- Departmental guidelines (2015) and measured the primary and secondary outcomes. They have stated the hypothesis as the skin-glue application on the insertion-site of peripheral-IV catheters in ED would minimize the failure rate at 48 hours which is a scientific hypothesis that explains the expected relationship between variables (Polit, 2016). They have not given hypothesis for secondary outcomes. The hypothesis indicates that the researchers are interested in testing the relationships of application of skin-glue with catheter failure rate. Sample The sample was adequately described. In this study, the samples were selected by 1 of 3 research nurses (trained ED) in ED for 16 hours/day for a period of 7 days/week. They have selected patients those who requires hospital admission and are 18 or more years of age with patent peripheral-IV catheter inserted in upper-limb with intact skin and that is inserted by an ED nurse/physician and those gave written- informed consent. They have determined a sample size of 174 in each of two groups as standard care and skin-glue group. They have selected only the samples having one peripheral- IV catheter and have confirmed the peripheral- IV catheters patency by flushing 10-mL of 0.9% saline into it. They have excluded patients who are known case of allergic to skin glue or standard securement material, presence of infection, phlebitis or thrombosis near the catheter, agitated patients, non-English samples without interpreter. Data collection The researchers have collected base- line demographic details as well as confounder (possible) details at the time of enrollment by using structured questionnaires with components as age, gender, intake of medications, number of PIVCs, insertion site, right or left upper- limb, professional who has inserted, PIVC gauge and hours from insertion to intervention and follow-up. The primary outcomes were measured in-person through direct visualization (for hospitalized patients) or through telephonic conversation (for discharged patients) at 48 hrs or more (Rickard, 2012, Webster, 2010). The authors have collected data for secondary outcomes through direct observation, chart- review as well as standardized client questionnaire. The data was collected by one of the three research nurses. The data are not described adequately. They have not mentioned the method of measuring study variables but they have described only the variables. For ex: they have described that they are measuring phlebi tis but the method of measuring phlebitis (scores or rating scales) are not described. The authors have measured the data for primary outcomes through the demographic and confounder details in both standard-securement and skin-glue group and for secondary outcomes as infection, occlusions, dislodgment and phlebitis through direct observation, reviewing the clients medical charts and standardized clients questionnaire. The authors have not clearly explained about the origin of measurement instruments. They have just mentioned about the references from Rickard (2012) which suggests that they could have taken this reference as their guide and could have prepared the self-structured measurement instruments. They have not adequately described about their measurement instruments for both primary and secondary outcomes. The authors have only described about the questionnaire for measurement, but the method of measurement was not given. They have not validated the data collection instrument s. The reliability of the measurement instruments were not assessed and reported. Ethical issues were not discussed except issues of follow-up. Data analysis The follow- up was complete enough to take the findings credible. Even the lower rate of follow-up loss (2.8% /PIVC and 0.83%/sample) that is similar in both the groups was managed by omitting the particular patients and only the patients with complete data were taken for analyses. They have not blinded the patients and staffs as it was impossible due to the subtle- color and appearance of skin- glue present at the time of intervention with follow-up. The research nurses were also not masked as they should allocate samples to skin- glue group and determine the integrity of intervention. There are significant differences (10%) (95% CI:18% to 2% with p=.02) between the failure rate of peripheral- IV catheter in skin- glue group and standard group. Significant reduction (7%) in dislodgement (95% confidence- interval: 13% to 0% with p=.04) was noted in skin- glue group. Phlebitis occlusion rates were also low in skin- glue but not statistically- significant. No infections are reported i n both groups. The statistics used is inferential statistics which is used to draw inferences from given data to general conditions in which both p-values with point-estimation (CI) were used in this study (Polit, 2016, Newcombe, 2012). The statistical analysis of primary outcomes suggests that peripheral- IV catheter failure was lower in the skin- glue group as compared to standard- group at a confidence interval of 95% at p.05 showing that there is a significant difference between both the groups and hence the statistical hypothesis is accepted (Polit, 2016). The analysis of secondary outcomes suggests that the difference between dislodgement of skin- glue group and standard- care group was statistically significant at a CI- 95% between 13% to 0% that showing increased significance difference between them p=.04 (p.05). The difference between phlebitis in both groups is less with confidence- interval of 95% between 5 to 3% and occlusion with CI 95% of 8 to 4% shows that they are st atistically significant. No evidence of infection in both groups (0%). Findings The findings of the study were expected. Enough information was presented to judge the results based on the objectives set by the researchers and have clearly and completely stated the results. The findings shows that the failure rate of PIVC was 10% lower in patients with skin-glue (17%) as compared to that of the standard group (27%) (Confidence interval 95%:18% to 2%; p=.02) and the secondary outcome of PIVC failure due to dislodgement was noted to be 7% less in the skin- glue group (7.0%) than standard group (14%) (CI 95%:13% to 0%). The failure rate of PIVC due to phlebitis as well as occlusion were found to be lowered in skin-glue group than standard group but were not statistically- significant. There are no infections in both the group. They stated that using IV lines with skin-glue are 5 times harder to fail. The individual patient analysis in standard (n=179) versus skin-glue group (n=170) shows that the PIVC failure rate was 52 and 31 and secondary failure rate was 51 and 28 respectively. The study was limited to only a particular area with local people-mix. They have not included the sclerotic drugs, anti-coagulants, potential confounders (no. of PIVC access, dwelling time) to generalize the results. The measurement of patient through telephones (n=209), might alter the results but the discharged samples were able to report complication (Rickard, 2012). PIVC failure tends to increase with dwelling time, which is not measured (Wallis, 2014). They suggested that they may proceed with cost-benefit analysis in the future, if financial needs are met. The researchers have mentioned the implications as use of skin-glue has reduced PIVC failure significantly (28%) and are simple and rapid method to carry-out in ED. There are no sufficient informations in this report to permit for replicating study. Conclusion The authors have concluded that the application of skin- glue in the PIVC insertion site along with the standardized care given by Queensland- Department of Health may minimize the rate of failure of peripheral- IV catheter in adult emergency department patients who are admitted in the hospital. The apparent reduction in the PIVC failure rate can benefit the patients by promoting comfort with outcomes and reduction of hospital admissions and costs that are caused due to complications. In 2016, Budgen found that the use of skin- glue that is made up of cyanoacrylates could make the peripheral- IV catheter lines harder and hence un-intentional removal and infection rate is reduced (HospiMedica, 2016). These findings suggest that use of skin- glue in PIVC will indirectly avoid interruption to therapy as well as prevent unnecessary anxiety and discomforts in re-inserting PIVC. Systemic sepsis that occurs in 0.1% of PIVC failure patients could also be prevented by this method (Stuart, 201 3). Relevance to nursing practice The nurses as the care takers should provide a quality nursing care to all the people at all the settings. The modern nurses have to be expertise in all the aspects of nursing care. The nurses should strive to conduct research and develop more evidences so as to enhance the nursing care by providing evidence based care to the patients. The most important role of the nurses involves preventing illness, protecting health as well as promoting health (ICN, 2010, ANA, 2010). As nurses form the primary care- giver in the emergency department of all the hospitals, they have to be expertise in various care modalities including care of peripheral- venous catheters and protect it from its premature failure and dislodgement of the catheter, infection at the catheter insertion skin site and occlusions of catheter due to blood clot or phlebitis (Rebelem, 2016). Most of the patients admitted in the emergency department of hospitals are started with peripheral IV catheter line to start infusion and medicines so as to save the life of the patient among which 33% - 69% of IV- devices fails causing discomfort to the patients. The major predisposing factor to premature device failure involves the improper fixation of the peripheral- IV catheter to the limb of patient leading to not only dislodgement but also micro-motion resulting in irritation of vein leading to phlebitis and occlusion causing entry of micro- organisms from skin into the catheter entry- site leading to severe infection (Marsh, 2015a). This form of peripheral- IV catheter failure occurs mostly after 48 hours of insertion which implies that improvement has to be made for securement in this timeframe. Hence, nurses should secure the peripheral- IV catheter with some securement especially cyanoacrylates skin- glue near the catheter insertion site to create adherence of catheter with the patients skin so as to avoid premature failure. The nurses should conduct further research to use skin- glue to prevent failures in larger population to generalize the results. The CDC guidelines (2011) has designated that replacing intravenous catheters forms an unresolved care issue that indicates need for further research (OGrady, 2011). Peripheral- IV catheter failure causes disruption in therapies of patients such as hydration therapy, antibiotic and analgesic therapy resulting in the deterioration of patients heath adversely and interrupting the treatment process. This also indirectly burdens the patients and their family members by increasing the cost, producing anxiety with discomfort of re-inserting the catheter again and again (Aymes, 2016). Hence, nurses have to increase her expertise to secure the IV line safely so as to protect the patients values and protect their lives. Further, it increases the costs of the health- care system of a country that includes increased nursing staff time in patients care, increased consumables, extended length of hospital stay with increased adverse- event managements. Even, a smaller reduction in the catheter- device failure will definitely transform in-to a larger improvements in patients care, health- outcomes and flow of health and treatment costs. Thus, by practicing skin- glue securing in patients with peripheral- IV catheter, the nurses will definitely improve the patients values and prevent subsequent morbidity, mortality, as well as reduces hospital charges (Stuart, 2013). References ANA. (2010). What is nursing?. Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/Especially ForYou/StudentNurses/ What is nursingaspx Aymes, S. (2016). Skin Glue Reduces IV Failure Rate in the Emergency Department. Retrieved from https://www.acepnow.com/skin-glue-reduces-iv-failure-rate-in-the-emergency-department/ Callaham, M. L. (2017). Annals of Emergency Medicine: Official Journal of theAmerican College of Emergency Physicians. Retrieved from https://www.journals.elsevier.com/annals-of-emergency-medicine HospiMedica. (2016). IV Drip Failure Reduced by Skin Glue Application. Retrieved from https://www.hospimedica.com/critical-care/articles/294767305/iv-drip-failure-reduced-by-skin-glue-application.html ICN (2010). The ICN definition of Nursing. Retrieved fromvhttps://www.ich.in/definition.htm Limm, E.I et al. (2013). Half of all peripheral intravenous lines in an Australian tertiary emergency department are unused: pain with no gain?: Ann Emerg Med. 62:521-525. Marsh, N et al. (2015a). Devices and dressings to secure peripheral venous catheters to prevent complications [review]: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 6:CD011070. Marsh, N et al. (2015b). Securement methods for peripheral venous catheters to prevent failure: a randomized controlled pilot trial: J Vasc Access.16:237-244. Newcombe, R.G. (2012). Confidence Intervals for Proportions and Related Measures of Effect Size. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1439812780 OGrady NP, Alexander M, Burns LA, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52: e16293. Polit, D.F Beck, C.T. (2016). Nursing Research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins: New Delhi. Queensland Government Department of Health. (2015). Centre for Healthcare Related Infection Surveillance and Prevention, Queensland Government Department of Health, Australia: Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) guideline. Retrieved from https://www.health.qld.gov.au/publications/clinical-practice/guidelines-procedures/diseases-infection/governance/icare-pivc-guideline.pdf. Rebelem. (2016). Should We Use Skin Glue to Secure Peripheral IVs: R.E.B.E.L. EM. Retrieved from https://rebelem.com/should-we-use-skin-glue-to-secure-peripheral-ivs/ Rickard, C.M et al. (2012). Routine versus clinically indicated replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters: a randomized controlled equivalence trial: Lancet. 380:1066-1074 Stuart, R.L et al. (2013). Peripheral intravenous catheterassociated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: more than 5 years of prospective data from two tertiary health services: Med J Aust. 198:551-553. University of South Australia. (n. d.). Critical Appraisal Tools. Retrieved from https://www.unisa.edu.au/Research/Sansom-Institute-for-Health-Research/Research/Allied-Health-Evidence/Resources/CAT/#Randomised Wallis, M.C et al. (2014). Risk factors for peripheral intravenous catheter failure: a multivariate analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol.35: 63-68. Webster, J et al. (2010). Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 3: CD007798.